Throughput analysis of the Go-Back-N protocol in fading radio channels

In this paper, we derive a formula for calculating the throughput efficienc y of the Go-Back-N (GBN) protocol when error sources in the forward and bac kward channels are modeled by a hidden Markov model. The result is presente d in the matrix form which makes it applicable to models with any number of states, We consider also the relationship between bit-level and block-leve l models and obtain the probability distribution of the time that a message spends in the system.