F. Caruso et al., Zero-point energy of massless scalar fields in the presence of soft and semihard boundaries in D dimensions, INT J MOD P, 14(13), 1999, pp. 2077-2089
The renormalized energy density of a massless scaler field defined in a D-d
imensional flat space-time is computed in the presence of "soft" and "semih
ard" boundaries, modeled by some smoothly increasing potential functions. T
he sign of the renormalized energy densities for these different confining
situations is investigated. The dependence of this energy on D for the case
s of "hard" and "soft/semihard" boundaries are compared.