Social movements as catalysts for policy change: The case of smoking and guns

Social movements organized around perceived threats to health play an impor tant role in American life as advocates for change in health policies and h ealth behaviors. This article employs a framework drawn from social movemen t and related sociological theories to compare two such movements: the smok ing/tobacco control movement and the gun control movement. A major purpose of the article is to identify specific social movement ideologies and actio ns that are more or less likely to facilitate achievement of the movement's health policy objectives. The article concludes that the success of health -related social movements is associated with (1) the articulation of a soci ally (as well as scientifically) credible threat to the public's health, (2 ) the ability to mobilize a diverse organizational constituency, and (3) th e convergence of political opportunities with target vulnerabilities.