At voltages larger than 1.2 V Co/Al2O3/Co(-Fe) magnetic tunnel junctions sh
ow almost immediate breakdown, leading to a decrease in (magneto) resistanc
e. The position of the shorts formed is visualized by making use of a liqui
d crystal film on top of the junction. The breakdown voltages of a series o
f nominally identical junctions measured in a voltage-ramp experiment incre
ased with larger ramp rate. The extrapolated lifetime, at lower voltages, i
s evaluated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.