A technique based on homogenisation of rapidly frozen tissue was used to in
vestigate the regulation of intracellular pH (pH(i)) in freshwater and mari
ne fish from diverse environmental temperatures. The following species were
held at ambient temperatures of ca. 1 degrees C (Notothenia coriiceps, Ant
arctica), 5 degrees C (Pleuronectes platessa, Myoxocephalus scorpius; North
Sea), and 26 degrees C (Oreochromis niloticus, African lakes). The effects
of seasonal acclimatisation to 4, 11 and 18 degrees C were also examined i
n rainbow trout in the winter, autumn and summer, respectively. Extracellul
ar (whole blood) pH (pH(e)) did not follow the constant relative alkalinity
relationship, where pH(+) = pOH(-) for any particular temperature, over a
range of 1-26 degrees C (overall delta pH(e)/delta T = 0.009 +/- 0.002 U de
grees C-1; P < 0.001), apparently being regulated by ionic fluxes and venti
lation. Intracellular pH (pH(i)) was also regulated independently of pN(= 0
.5 pK water) in all species of fish examined. The inverse relationship betw
een pH(i) and environmental temperature gave an overall delta pH(i)/delta T
of -0.010 +/- 0.001 U degrees C-1 (for both white and red muscle) and -0.0
04 +/- 0.093 U degrees C-1 (cardiac muscle). However, between 1 and 11 degr
ees C delta pH(i)/delta T was much higher (P < 0.001), -0.022 +/- 0.003 U d
egrees C-1 (white muscle) and -0.022 +/- 0.004 U degrees C-1 (red muscle).
The possible adaptive roles for these different acid-base responses to envi
ronmental temperature variation among tissues and species, and the potentia
l difficulties of estimating pH(i). are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Scienc
e Ltd. All rights reserved.