The paper is concerned with the development of a rigorous mathematical mode
l describing the dynamics of criminal population subject to sentencing poli
cies of any penal (legal) system. The model enables evaluation of the impac
t of preventive measures used in the society and correctional measures used
by the penitentiaries, A performance index reflecting the effectiveness of
such measures and the cost to the society for providing the same is introd
uced and the question of optimality discussed.