Taming abiotic stresses in plants through genetic engineering: current strategies and perspective

During the last decade, major advances have been made in plant genetic engi neering. The methods for stable genetic transformation as well as for regul ation of introduced trans-genes have been optimised to a great deal. The ma jor limiting factor in the widespread application of genetic engineering is the availability of the target genes. This is particularly true for engine ering tolerance against abiotic stresses (such as those caused by high leve ls of salts in soils, reduced/excess availability of water and sub- and sup ra-optimal temperature regimes). In spite of this, the past 5 years (1993-1 998) have witnessed significant achievements in terms of generating transge nics for enhanced tolerance to these stresses. For future work on producing plants with still higher level of tolerance, there is a need to expand the information on the stress-induced genes so that appropriate genes can be p yramided. The current upsurge in genomic research has the potential to cata lyse efforts in elucidating new stress-responsive genes. There are also pos sibilities of engineering the whole cascade of multiple genetic changes thr ough manipulation of the regulatory genes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Irelan d Ltd. All rights reserved.