Mean diplotene chiasma frequency is shown to be significantly and posi
tively correlated with mean synaptonemal complex (SC) length in 21 mal
es of Locusta migratoria belonging to three different families. This m
ay reflect a direct causal connection between SC length and chiasma fr
equency or an indirect relationship arising from the action of other f
actors with effects on both parameters. Various interpretations of the
correlation are discussed in the light of old and new information on
synaptic and recombinational processes during meiotic prophase I.