Acute phase proteins are extremely helpful markers for indicating a disturb
ance of the homeostasis within the organism and for monitoring the course o
f a disease. Despite the availability of several serum acute phase markers,
a better and more specific prediction of sepsis and related disorders, suc
h as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is still needed, as the
se diseases still have a high mortality rate and have to be detected early
and with high specificity. Here a novel acute-phase protein is introduced,
that has certain biological functions in host defense and that may be a use
ful addition for the diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis. Lipopolysaccharide
(LPS or endotoxin), binding protein (LBP) is a class 1 acute-phase protein
with the ability to bind and transfer bacterial LPS. Changes in serum leve
ls of LBP have profound effects on the host's ability to react to endotoxin
stimulation and to defend itself against sepsis. Results obtained from in
vitro studies and from an animal model are reviewed here and a perspective
on ongoing clinical studies is given. There is evidence that LBP, along wit
h other LPS-recognizing molecules, is an important parameter for monitoring
the acute phase and the ability of the host to react to LPS-challenge.