S. Baveye et al., Lactoferrin: A multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the modulation of the inflammatory process, CLIN CH L M, 37(3), 1999, pp. 281-286
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in exocrine secretions of
mammals and released from neutrophilic granules during inflammation. This
review describes the biological roles of lactoferrin in host defence. Secre
ted lactoferrin exerts antimicrobial action either by chelation of iron or
by destabilization of bacterial membranes. Furthermore, lactoferrin modulat
es the inflammatory process, mainly by pre venting the release of cytokines
from monocytes and by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of
immune cells. Some of these activities are related to the ability of lactof
errin to bind lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with high affinity. Indeed, recent
in vitro studies indicate that lactoferrin is able to compete with the LPS-
binding protein for LPS binding and therefore to prevent the transfer of LP
S to CD14 present at the surface of monocytes. Moreover, the prophylactic p
roperties of lactoferrin against septicemia in vivo have been demonstrated.
Taken as a whole, these observations strongly suggest that lactoferrin is
one of the key molecules which modulate the inflammatory response.