Human rabies postexposure prophylaxis during a raccoon rabies epizootic inNew York, 1993 and 1994

We describe the epidemiology of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in four upstate New York counties during the 1st and 2nd year of a raccoon rabies epizootic. We obtained data from records of 1,173 persons whose rab ies PEP was reported to local health departments in 1993 and 1994. Mean ann ual PEP incidence rates were highest in rural counties, in summer, and in p atients 10 to 14 and 35 to 44 years of age. PEP given after bites was prima rily associated with unvaccinated dogs and cats, but most (70%) was not att ributable to bites. Although pet vaccination and stray animal control, whic h target direct exposure, remain the cornerstones of human rabies preventio n, the risk for rabies by the nonbite route (e.g., raccoon saliva on pet do gs' and cats' fur) should also be considered.