Base hydrolysis of HMX and HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives with sodiumhydroxide between 100 and 155 degrees C

The degradation of HMX-based high explosives (HMX, PBX 9404, and PBX 9501) with sodium hydroxide solutions is described. To obtain practicable reactio n rates, the reaction was carried out in a pressurized reactor at temperatu res up to about 155 degrees C. Above about 70 degrees C, mass transfer rate s significantly affect the observed reaction rate. Therefore, a solid-liqui d mass transfer model, based on gas-liquid film theory, was developed to de scribe the reaction rate. This model successfully predicted the experimenta lly observed degradation of explosives. Similar work with sodium carbonate solutions was reported previously.(11) Faster reaction rates were observed with sodium hydroxide, a stronger base. Sodium hydroxide is preferred when the explosive contains a base-resistant binder, such as the binder used in PBX 9501, or when large, pressed pieces of explosives are used. Sodium carb onate hydrolysis and sodium hydroxide hydrolysis yielded the same degradati on products.