Differentiation of Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens and Gluconacetobacter xylinus on the basis of DNA base composition, DNA relatedness, and oxidation products from glucose

Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens and Gluconacetobacter xylinus share very sim ilar phenotypic characteristics. They are differentiated by the production of a reddish-brown water-soluble pigment of the former and cellulose produc tion of the latter. However, the loss of the two distinguishing features qu estions the separate standings of the two species. The DNA base composition and the DNA relatedness of strains of the two species, including other est ablished species of acetic acid bacteria, were determined. G. liquefaciens strains had the higher guanine-plus-cytosine content (G+C content) in DNA, ranging from 63.5 to 66.9 mol%, and G. xylinus had the lower range, from 59 .4 to 63.2 mol%. DNA hybridization revealed a low level of DNA similarity b etween the two species. G. liquefaciens strains produced 2,5-diketogluconic acid and pyrones from glucose, and G, xylinus strains produced 5-ketogluco nic acid. From these results, it is unequivocal that G. liquefaciens is a d istinct species from G. xylinus.