Automatic milking systems offer the opportunity to improve the working cond
itions on daily farms. They also indicate the beginning of new fully automa
ted dairying systems with the potential advantages for improving the qualit
y of life for the dairy farmer; the health and performance status of the co
ws and that quality of the resulting product, milk. The current stage of de
velopment of automatic milking systems indicate that they still have some d
eficiencies in fulfilling the minimum requirements of the European milk hyg
iene regulations, the early identification of health problems and allowing
veterinary treatments. Some of the more relevant problems, for the dairy fa
rmer and veterinarian, which can arise in herds with automatic milking syst
ems are described.