Current documentation and specimen data for Notomys aquilo are restricted t
o three localities: Cape York (one record from the nineteenth century), Gro
ote Eylandt, and central Arnhem Land (one record). A field survey based on
signs of N. aquilo and Aboriginal information indicated that the species oc
curs widely on sandy substrates of Arnhem Land. Recent observation of signs
suggests that it may also persist on Cape York Peninsula. The species is r
easonably common on Groote Eylandt, where it was recorded most frequently i
n shrublands (dominated by either Acacia spp., Hakea arborescens or Banksia
dentata), but occurred also in coastal grasslands and other strand vegetat
ion. Its abundance there is associated with the cover of hummock grass and
several pea species. The conservation status of the species appears to be s
ecure.