In spite of the significant resources devoted to medical education at all l
evels, the study of educational process has received relatively little atte
ntion. Most studies of learning have been observational, with little refere
nce to recent advances in the neurobiology of learning and memory. In this
article, the author briefly reviews developments in our understanding of th
e neurobiology of learning and memory and suggests ways they could contribu
te to the future evolution of medical education.