Ten-year follow-up of children born before 29 gestational weeks: health, cognitive development, behaviour and school achievement

Since the mid-1990s several studies have reported poor school performance i n extremely preterm infants. The necessity to provide a full picture of the child's situation has been indicated. Tn a southern Swedish population 32 120 infants were born during the 2-y period 1985-1986. In total, 121 infant s (0.4%) were reported liveborn before the 29th gestational wk and 12 (0.04 %) were reported stillborn. Only 65 infants (50%) survived to the age of 10 y. The aim of this study was to evaluate the situation of extremely preter m (EPT) children at school, compared with that of fullterm (FT) control chi ldren, at the age of 10 y. Health, cognitive development, school achievemen t and behaviour were measured. Ninety-two percent of the preterm children h ad no major neurological disability and most were in good health. The EPT c hildren had an IQ of 90 +/- 15 vs 106 +/- 15 (mean +/- SD) for the FT child ren (p < 0.001), and on the test of Visual-Motor Integration, the EPT child ren had 93.3 +/- 12.2 vs 109.6 +/- 14.2 for FT peers (p < 0.001). On both t ests the differences between the groups corresponded to approximately one s tandard deviation, Thirty-eight percent of the EPT children performed below grade level at school. Thirty-two percent had general behavioural problems and 20% had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, compared with 10% an d 8%, respectively, in the FT group. EPT children require interventions to support their development and reduce behavioural problems.