Serum and saliva levels of sialic acid are elevated in alcoholics

Background and Methods: Recently, sialic acid has been suggested as a poten tial marker for alcohol abuse. In this study, social drinkers and alcoholic s were analyzed with a modified version of Warren's method for sialic acid and traditional markers of alcohol abuse in serum (n = 38; n = 87), saliva (n = 36; n = 29), and urine (n = 37; n = 83), respectively. The alcoholics were participating in an alcohol dependency treatment program and were foll owed in this study for 5 weeks. Results: The sialic acid concentrations in female and male alcoholics were significantly higher in serum (p < 0.001; p < 0.001 respectively) and saliv a (p < 0.05; p < 0.05) but not in urine, compared with social drinkers. The diagnostic efficiency of serum sialic acid was higher than that for tradit ional markers: 77% for female subjects and 64% for male subjects. The corre sponding results for saliva were 72% and 53%. The sialic acid concentration s were significantly decreased during the alcohol dependency treatment prog ram (after 5 weeks of treatment) in both females and males. Conclusions: This study confirms that serum sialic acid is a valuable marke r for detecting and monitoring alcohol abuse. This work also indicates that sialic acid in saliva could be used possibly as a noninvasive marker for a lcohol abuse.