Effects of stock grazing on the ground invertebrate fauna of woodland remnants

Habitat fragmentation can leave formerly widespread habitat types represent ed by only small habitat 'islands', and the conservation of these remnants is frequently compromised by ongoing disturbance. In northern Victoria, gra zing of woodland remnants by sheep and cattle has profound effects on the v egetation structure of the woodland by removing understorey and ground vege tation. To investigate the effects of grazing pressure on remnant grey box Eucalyptus microcarpa woodland in northern Victoria, we surveyed the ground invertebrate fauna in ungrazed woodland remnants, grazed woodland remnants , and grazed pasture. The number of invertebrates caught increased from ung razed woodland to grazed woodland to pasture, but this increase was due pri marily to the most abundant orders (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Aranaea), a nd two abundant taxa characteristic of pasture (Orthoptera and Dermaptera). In contrast, most of the less abundant orders followed the opposite patter n, and were caught in higher numbers (and as a higher proportion of the tot al catch) in ungrazed woodland. Ungrazed woodland had a more diverse ground invertebrate fauna, most likely due to the greater diversity of food and h abitat resources provided by the less disturbed vegetation. The differences in invertebrate communities corresponded to differences in vegetation and litter layers. The reduction in biodiversity of remnants due to grazing has implications for conservation management of remnant woodland in agricultur al landscapes.