Model systems of prostate cancer: Uses and limitations

A valid experimental model system reflects the system under study and is re producible. Model systems of prostate cancer that accurately reflect the di fferent disease stages are necessary to ensure a proper experimental design aimed at increasing our understanding of the biology of the disease and su ch models are essential tools to accelerate development of new therapies fo r prostate cancer. Until recently, a limited number of experimental systems were available and more suitable models derived from human specimens have only recently been developed and become available for use. In addition, tra nsgenic techniques have also permitted the development of unique mouse mode ls. The difficulty in establishing model systems may reflect the complex re quirements necessary for cancer progression and should lead us to interpret results from model systems with caution. It is unlikely that a single mode l system that faithfully reflects the whole process of cancer development a nd progression will be developed. However, thoughtful use of the available model systems will permit the study of a significant portion of prostate ca ncer progression. In this review we summarize the properties of the prostat e cancer model systems in use and defined their utility and limitations. Th is review will guide the investigator seeking models with which to test spe cific hypotheses pertaining to prostate cancer.