Temperament traits in seasonal affective disorder, suicide attempters withnon-seasonal major depression and healthy controls

Background: Very few studies have compared the temperament traits in matche d suicidal and non-suicidal patients with major depression. Methods: We com pared the temperament traits in two matched groups of patients with major d epressive disorder (MDD), MDD with seasonal subtype (SAD) without any suici de attempt (n = 23) and MDD without seasonal variation who attempted suicid e (non-SAD SA), and compared the patients to matched healthy controls by us ing the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Marke-Nyman Temperam ent (MNT) questionnaires. Results: Both the SAD and non-SAD SA groups showe d significantly higher Somatic Anxiety, Muscular Tension, Psychasthenia, Ir ritability, Suspicion, and lower Socialization and Validity than the contro ls. The non-SAD SA group also showed significantly higher Psychic Anxiety, Detachment and Guilt as compared to controls. When the SAD and the non-SAD SA were compared, we found significantly higher Somatic Anxiety, Psychic An xiety and Muscular Tension for the non-SAD SA group. Conclusions: Both SAD and non-SAD SA patients display different temperament profiles compared to controls and in comparison with each other and the suicide attempters Show especially high trait anxiety and hostility. Clinical Relevance: The result s suggest that trait anxiety and hostility, but not impulsivity, are associ ated with suicidal behavior in major depression. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.