Problem-based learning in residency education: A novel implementation using a simulator

Background. We developed a problem-based learning exercise with a full-scal e human patient simulator to teach residents the emergency management and d ifferential diagnosis of acute intraoperative hypotension. Methods.We devel oped the exercise through the following steps: clear definition of learning objectives, preparation of an appropriate case stem, development of clinic ally realistic scenarios to illustrate objectives, and an interactive instr uctor to stimulate discussion. Results. The exercise focused on the differe ntial diagnosis of intraoperative hypotension, and the acute treatment of h ypovolemia, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and anaphylaxis. Concl usions. Exercises on a full-scale patient simulator are a natural extension of problem-based learning. Recent research in learning theory provides the rationale for this teaching modality's potential as a learning tool.