Retrograde temporal order amnesia resulting from damage to the fornix

Some amnesic patients show an impairment of temporal order memory that cann ot be accounted for by content memory deficits. The performance of an amnes ic patient on memory tasks assessing the patient's content and temporal mem ories for remotely acquired material is described, after a lesion including the bilateral anterior fornix and adjacent anterior thalamus. The patient displayed a deficit in the temporal order tasks for remotely acquired infor mation. Neither frontal cognitive deficits nor recognition deficits can acc ount for this patient's poor temporal memory. This retrograde temporal orde r memory impairment without content memory deficits were not seen in previo usly reported thalamic amnesic patients. Accordingly, the present patient's poor retrograde temporal memory could hardly be explained by only a thalam ic lesion. It is concluded that the patient's impairment of temporal order memory for the retrograde material is probably due to the direct disconnect ion between the frontal lobe and the hippocampus by disruption of the forni x.