Background: Pregnancy and puberty gingivitis have been attributed to increa
sed concentrations of circulating sex hormones. This inflammatory gingival
condition is accompanied by the local production of cytokines. The aims of
this in vitro study were to assess, in the presence or absence of testoster
one (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6
) by human gingival fibroblasts (hGF), and to evaluate the effects of fluta
mide (a common anti-androgen) in this system.
Methods: The effects of the androgens, T and DHT, on IL-6 production were m
easured in vitro in serum-free, phenol red-free medium. Cells were incubate
d with or without androgens for 72. hours; the concentration of IL-6 secret
ed into the medium after an additional 24-hour challenge with IL-1 beta plu
s hormones was estimated by radioimmunoassay. The reverse transcription pol
ymerase chain reaction was used to examine hGF and periodontal ligament cel
ls (PDL) for the presence of androgen receptor.
Results: In serum-free medium, T and DHT at concentrations of 5 x 10(-8) to
10(-7)M significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited IL-6 production by hGF Flutamid
e, up to concentrations of 2 x 10(-5)M, did not reverse this inhibition. Th
e androgen receptor was identified in both hGF and PDL.
Conclusions: We concluded that elevated levels of androgens, specifically t
estosterone and dihydrotestosterone, could affect the stromal cell response
to an inflammatory challenge by downregulation of IL-6 production. This in
vitro study lends support to the hypothesis that increased hormones during
pregnancy or puberty could modulate the development of localized inflammat
ion.