A classification system for sinus membrane perforations during augmentation procedures with options for repair

A classification system for sinus membrane perforations encountered during a sinus augmentation procedure is presented. Five of the perforations are d iscussed as are the therapeutic options for their repair. Class I and Class II perforations are most easily repaired, while Class IV is the most diffi cult to successfully treat. In addition, the effect of the sinus membrane p erforation on the course of proposed therapy is discussed. When classified and managed appropriately, sinus membrane perforations are not an absolute indication for aborting the augmentation procedure which is in progress. Th is paper provides a system of classification that can be used by clinicians to collect data on membrane perforations and repair results.