The effect of catalyst activation conditions on transformations of benzene
cation radicals on sulfated zirconia has been studied by in situ ESR spectr
oscopy. After the catalyst activation at 300 degrees C there was no oligome
rization of the cation radicals to biphenyl and heavier products, which is
observed after catalyst calcination at 500 degrees C. It has been suggested
that the oligomerization is suppressed by the presence of strong Bronsted
sites on the surface.