Predicting 'normal' grip strength for rheumatoid arthritis patients

Objective. An ability to predict accurately 'normal' grip strength in rheum atoid arthritis (RA) patients would facilitate a more accurate assessment o f the degree of their functional loss. This, in turn, would allow the setti ng of more meaningful treatment goals aimed at restoring hand function towa rds normal. This study carefully measures three modalities of hand grip str ength and their correlation with multiple simple anthropometric parameters in normal subjects. We aim to determine which of these parameters are best correlated to grip strength, and whether this correlation is strong enough to allow the accurate prediction of what normal grip strength should be in RA patients. Methods. In 81 normal subjects (67 female), power, pinch and tripod grip st rength measurements were made using an MIE digital pinch grip analyser. The se strength data were correlated with specific local forearm anthropometric measurements: forearm circumference, forearm length, forearm volume, hand circumference, hand length, hand volume, hand and forearm volume, and vario us general anthropometric parameters (weight, height and age). These normal subjects had been chosen so as to be age and sex matched with 83 RA patien ts (67 female) in whom the same strength and anthropometric parameters were assessed and correlated. In patients, the grip strength results were addit ionally correlated with two markers of disease activity: a modified Ritchie Articular Index local to the hand and forearm (mRAI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) assessing subjective pain severity. Results. In normal subjects, clear correlations were demonstrated between h and grip strengths and all specific anthropometric variables, the strongest correlation being with forearm and hand volume (I = 0.729 and 0.638 for do minant and non-dominant hands, respectively; P < 0.01 for both). The patien ts were considerably weaker than normal subjects. Markers of disease activi ty showed a negative correlation with grip strength. In normal subjects, th e dominant hand was significantly stronger than the non-dominant hand, and on average by 8%, while the opposite was true in patients, who were 20% wea ker on the dominant side. Conclusion. Simple anthropometric measurements, and forearm and hand volume in particular, would be useful at baseline for predicting 'normal' hand gr ip strength in RA patients, both in the clinical setting and in research tr ials aimed at improving grip strength and hand function.