In this paper, we provide a new paradigm for product design by considering
lifetime performance of a product at an early stage of product development.
Two new concepts are introduced: time-dependent stepped quality loss funct
ion for product life and floating targets for functional characteristics. B
oth the concepts are used in developing a product life cycle cost function.
A mathematical programming model is developed and illustrated by a case st
udy. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.