ZnO/CdS/CIS solar cell structures have been made by using different deposit
ion techniques for each layer: standard rf-magnetron sputtering and chemica
l bath deposition for ZnO and CdS, respectively, and direct electrodepositi
on for CIS as a low-cost alternative to the coevaporated absorber. Chemical
studies of ZnO, CdS and CIS films, ZnO-CdS and CdS-CIS bilayers, and ZnO-C
dS-CIS cells have been performed by utilising XPS. No chemical reactions we
re detected in the interfaces. Photovoltaic quality was evaluated from the
spectral response data. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.