Pediatric ocular emergencies

There are few ocular emergencies that are unique to the pediatric patient.( 37) Most ocular emergencies are traumatic in origin, and the prognosis ofte n is determined by the extent of the injury. Some congenital anomalies that may present as ocular emergencies are also discussed. The focus of this ar ticle is recognition and initial therapy for the more common pediatric ocul ar emergencies. There are several excellent textbooks that provide more det ailed information regarding the surgical procedures.(5,30-32,70,85,86) Refe rral may be indicated for procedures requiring special instrumentation or e xpertise, but accurate assessment of the problem is the first important ste p. Any animal exhibiting acute ocular pain, deformity of the globe or orbit , loss of vision, or change in appearance of the eye should be given immedi ate veterinary attention. A thorough accurate history and a complete physic al examination are essential. Maintenance of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological functions takes precedence over vision in emergency situation s. These systems must be stable before definitive ocular therapy can be car ried out.