The objective of this study was to determine whether rates of eye disease a
mong the elderly are higher for residents of nursing homes than for persons
who reside elsewhere. Articles reporting the prevalence of eye disease in
geriatric populations (classified as nursing home or non-nursing home) were
identified through a Medline search and a search of articles' bibliographi
es. Identified articles were reviewed, and the relevant data compared with
prevalence rates obtained from 738 residents of two nursing homes in New Yo
rk City. Each of the nursing home residents received an ocular examination
upon admission that determined the presence or absence of four varieties of
eye disease-i.e. cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, an
d diabetic retinopathy. Demographic data were obtained through chart review
. Results indicate that prevalence rates of eye disease found in geriatric
nursing home populations are generally higher than those found in other ger
iatric populations. With the exception of the rates for diabetic retinopath
y, the rates found in the combined nursing home population sampled in this
study were much higher than those reported in any previous study. It is con
cluded that eye disease is a more serious problem for elderly residents of
nursing homes than for the elderly who reside in the community. Possible re
asons for this are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All ri
ghts reserved.