Variations in the total radiative output of the Sun as well as the detailed
spectral irradiance are of interest to terrestrial and solar-stellar atmos
phere studies. Recent observations provide measurements of spectral irradia
nce variations at wavelengths in the range 1100-8650 Angstrom with improved
accuracy, and correlative studies give procedures for estimating the spect
ral irradiance changes from solar activity records using indicators such as
those derived from Ca II K and Mg II indices. Here we describe our approac
h to physical modeling of irradiance variations using seven semiempirical m
odels to represent sunspots, plage, network, and quiet atmosphere. This pap
er gives methods and details, and some preliminary results of our synthesis
of the variations of the entire irradiance spectrum. Our calculation uses
object-oriented programming techniques that are very efficient and flexible
. We compute at high spectral resolution the intensity as a function of wav
elength and position on the disk for each of the structure types correspond
ing to our models. These calculations include three different approximation
s for the line source function: one suited for the very strong resonance li
nes where partial redistribution (PRD) is important, another for the most i
mportant nonresonance lines, and another approximation for the many narrow
lines that are provided in Kurucz's listings. The image analysis and calcul
ations of the irradiance variation as a function of time will be described
in a later paper. This work provides an understanding of the sources of var
iability arising from solar-activity surface structures. We compute the Ly
alpha irradiance to within 3% of the observed values. The difference betwee
n our computations and the Neckel & Labs data is 3% or less in the near-TR
wavelengths at 8650 Angstrom, and less than 1% in the red at 6080 Angstrom.
Near 4100 Angstrom we overestimate the irradiance by 9%-19% because of opa
city sources missing in our calculations. We also compute a solar cycle var
iability of 49% in the Ly alpha irradiance, which is very close to observed
values. At wavelengths between 4100 Angstrom and 1.6 mu m, we obtain spect
ral irradiance variations ranging from -0.06% to 0.46% in the visible-the h
igher values correspond to the presence of strong lines. The variability in
the IR between 1.3 and 2.2 mu m is similar to-0.15%.