Splanchnic circulation and regional sympathetic outflow, during peroperative PEEP ventilation in humans

The splanchnic organs represent a major target for sympathetic outflow and an important region for haemodynamic effects on cardiovascular homeostasis, We have studied regional haemodynamic and sympathetic changes in the splan chnic bed during standardized circulatory stress from positive end-expirato ry pressure ventilation (PEEP). We investigated eight patients undergoing m ajor upper abdominal surgery using a radiotracer method to measure plasma s pillover of norepinephrine as an index of sympathetic nerve activity using arterial, portal and hepatic venous blood sampling. Mesenteric and hepatic perfusion were measured by ultrasound transit time flowmetry and blood-gas analyses. Steady state measurements were performed before and during PEEP v entilation at 10 cm H2O. Plasma spillover of norepinephrine in the mesenter ic and hepatic organs represented mean 49 (SEM 8)% and 7 (2)% respectively, of systemic norepinephrine spillover at baseline, and PEEP ventilation did not cause any significant changes. However, PEEP ventilation significantly decreased portal venous blood flow while hepatic blood flow was preserved by a compensatory increase in hepatic arterial blood flaw. Mesenteric and h epatic oxygen delivery changed according to blood flow, and there were no c hanges in regional oxygen consumption. Thus PEEP ventilation altered mesent eric and hepatic perfusion, independent of any change in corresponding symp athetic nerve activity. Regulation of hepatic blood supply, not related to sympathetic activity, maintained liver oxygenation during PEEP ventilation despite a simultaneous decrease in mesenteric perfusion.