Extradigestive manifestations of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection

In the past year, several studies have been carried out on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and a miscellany of extradigestive di seases, such as cardiovascular, immunological, and various other pathologie s. In particular, a higher prevalence of H pylori infection in patients aff ected by ischaemic heart disease has been described and there is growing ev idence for an association between H pylori and some autoimmune diseases. Mo reover, recent studies have shown that various helicobacter species have be en detected in human bile; if confirmed, this finding could revise the diag nostic and therapeutic approach to diseases of the biliary tract.