Jf. Caddy et F. Carocci, The spatial allocation of fishing intensity by port-based inshore fleets: a GIS application, ICES J MAR, 56(3), 1999, pp. 388-403
This paper illustrates some practical Geographical Information System (GIS)
applications for aiding fishery managers and coastal area planners in anal
ysing the likely interactions of ports, inshore fleets, and local non-migra
tory inshore stocks, and in providing a flexible modelling framework for de
cision making on fishery development and zoning issues. The classic geograp
hical "friction of distance" approach to generating fields of action around
home ports of inshore fleets which largely make day trips to their adjacen
t fishing grounds, is compared with a more flexible empirical "Gaussian Eff
ort Allocation" (GEAM) modelling approach where peak effort may occur at di
fferent distances from port. The latter approach is considered more appropr
iate in describing resource depletion with distance. The geographical impli
cations of fishing effort and intensity fields are contrasted, and compared
with Beverton and Holt's (1957) ideas on the effect of distance from port
on the "limiting effort distribution". Similar readily-calculated geographi
cal reference points for inshore fishing fleets are derived. The GEAM frame
work allows a range of geographical characteristics to be taken into accoun
t in describing the interactions of ports and local fleets with inshore res
ources and local fishing grounds, and unlike friction of distance concepts,
allows for resource depletion close to port. Two examples are given of fit
ting effort "fields" from port-based fleets to observed data, in this case
on survey biomass, following the assumption of local effort allocation prop
ortional to local catch rate. Procedures are also suggested for collecting
prior information on fleet activity to tune the model. The GEAM model is al
so suggested as an aid to deciding on the location of marine parks or fishe
ry closure areas. (C) 1999 International Council for the Exploration of the
Sea.