The molecular orientation at the surfaces of poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) thin
films was studied by angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
(ARUPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy
. The NEXAFS study showed that pendant naphthalene groups are oriented with
a tilt angle (beta) of 57 degrees, while the ARUPS study gave information
on the tilt-angle distribution as well as the mean value (similar to 58 deg
rees) of beta. The mean value of beta determined by ARUPS agrees well with
that found in the NEXAFS study. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights r
eserved.