Killing of Mycobacterium avium by neutrophils and monocytes from AIDS patients treated with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

In this study, 30 AIDS patients without Mycobacterium avium infection were randomized to receive treatment with azithromycin (1200 mg), granulocyte-mo nocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 250 mu g/m(2)/day for 5 days), or both agents. The M. avium killing capacity of neutrophils and monocytes ha rvested from each patient before intervention and during (day 4), and after therapy (day 8) was assessed. The mean virus load change in the groups rec eiving GM-CSF was +0.14 log human immunodeficiency virus RNA, After GM-CSF therapy, neither neutrophils nor monocytes could significantly reduce M. av ium growth (P = .96 and .31, respectively). Bone pain, myalgia, presyncope, or fever occurred in 55% of patients receiving GM-CSF. Thus, the GM-CSF re gimen used in this study did not affect virus load, frequently caused adver se reactions, and did not improve the M. avium killing capacity of neutroph ils and monocytes. Future studies using a different GM-CSF regimen are indi cated.