I question whether, in those cases where physician-assisted suicide is invo
ked to alleviate unbearable pain and suffering, there can be such a thing a
s voluntary euthanasia. The problem is that when a patient asks to die unde
r such conditions there is good reason to think that the decision to die is
compelled by the pain, and hence not freely chosen. Since the choice to di
e was not made freely it is inadvisable for physicians to act in accordance
with it, for this may by contrary to the patient's genuine wishes. Thus, w
hat were thought to be cases of voluntary euthanasia might actually be inst
ances of involuntary euthanasia.