Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and aortic debris as a marker of poor prognosis: Benefit of oral anticoagulants

OBJECTIVES Our aim was to confirm the poor prognosis related to thoracic ao rtic plaques, in particular aortic debris, diagnosed by transesophageal ech ocardiography (TEE) and to evaluate patients' prognosis as a function of th e antithrombotic treatment. BACKGROUND Aortic atheroma (AA) has been widely studied. However, it is sti ll not known which antithrombotic treatment should be adopted in this disea se. METHODS Patients referred for TEE and diagnosed with AA were followed. All thromboembolic events and deaths were recorded during a follow-up of 22 +/- 10 months. The antithrombotic treatment to be adopted was left to the disc retion of the practitioner in charge of the patient. RESULTS Aortic atheroma was found in 12% of all TEE performed and in 27.5% of TEE performed for stroke. This prevalence was higher when no other etiol ogy existed to explain the stroke (p < 0.001). During follow-up, an end poi nt occurred in 22.5% of patients. The more severe the AA the greater the in cidence of events (p = 0.007). A higher mortality rate is shown in patients with aortic debris (p = 0.049). Compared with those treated with oral anti coagulants, patients with aortic plaques >4 mm thick treated with antiplate lets had more embolic events and combined events (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, r elative risk [RR] = 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4 to 15, respecti vely); patients with aortic debris had more combined events and a higher mo rtality rate (p = 0.001, RR = 7.1, 95% CI = 1.2 to 19 and p = 0.019, RR = 9 .1, 95% CI = 1.2 to 25, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We confirm the high incidence of vascular events and deaths in patients with AA. We have demonstrated, for the first time in this conditio n, a better outcome among patients treated with oral anticoagulants Versus antiplatelets. (C) 1999 by the American College of Cardiology.