Systematic and rational studies concerning the water quality of the Danube
river were performed for the period 1990-1996. Cluster analysis and princip
al component analysis enabled more rational and objective estimation and co
mparison of the samples and characteristics of water quality as determined
by traditional statistical methods. If also afforded a useful graphical too
l, because scatterplots of scores and loadings on to a plane will have the
effect of separating samples and characteristics from each other more effec
tively, leading to finding trends, relationship (speciation) or outliers.