Resonant Raman identification of the polaronic organization in PANI

Ail solid state electrochromic devices (ECD) using polyaniline (PAM) and WO 3 separated by a polymer electrolyte, PAMPS, were studied by Raman spectros copy. The use of a blue laser line allows to isolate the spectral features corresponding to reduced PANI and in particular to follow the first steps o f the charge mechanisms. On the contrary, the red line allows to investigat e the phenomena associated to thc:oxidized and charged forms of polyaniline , and the formation of bronze in the WO3 electrode. In such devices with se veral layers, the use of different laser lines allows therefore to separate the reactions in the different electrooptically active media.