Concomitant adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic carcinoma

Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. Despite improvement i n diagnosis and treatment in the last 15 years, mortality rates essentially equal the incidence of the disease. Combination treatment with chemoradiat ion yields up to now better results than chemotherapy or radiotherapy given alone in consideration of substantial radio and chemoresistance of the can cer cells. This study will review the most important literature data about combination adjuvant treatment and preoperative (primary) chemoradiation in pancreatic cancer. Some other reports will be given on locoregional chemot herapy and finally a brief view on a possible perspective for promising fut ure treatments coming from data of molecular pathology. Adjuvant chemoradiation after surgery has been shown to be superior to oper ation alone in potentially resectable pancreatic cancer in many studies, in terms both of local control and median overall survival. Unfortunately, a consistent percentage of patients cannot receive adjuvant treatment since l ate recovery after surgery or post-operative morbidity. Owing to this last reason, many authors prefer primary chemoradiation in potentially resectabl e pancreatic cancer; neoadjuvant treatment find out its background in other relevant biological and clinical evaluations. Some studies report encouraging results with primary chemoradiation using 5 -fluorouracil. Other experiences with relatively new drugs, with potent rad iosensiting effect, such as gemcitabine or taxol are going on; many of thes e are phase I studies. Clinical research In the field of preoperative treat ment is up to now emerging in some importants Oncological Institutions. The principal actual aim seems to be that of forsee periods of treatment which will be brief and use the dose of chemotherapy that is active, giving acce ptable toxicity. Ongoing trials will give, in the next years, the answer about the improveme nt of efficacy of treatments largely expected by all researchers.