Carotid and vertebral artery injury following severe head or cervical spine trauma

In order to determine the frequency of neck vessel injuries, Doppler invest igations were performed in 60 patients following either severe head injury (n = 29), cervical spine injury (n = 26), or combined head and cervical spi ne injury (n = 5). The majority of patients were referred to our hospital f or early rehabilitation; before admission Doppler investigations had been p erformed in only 2 patients. Clinically, 3 patients sustained severe cerebr al ischemia due to neck vessel trauma: 1 patient with left-sided ICA dissec tion after head trauma revealed Doppler abnormalities only in the early pha se of the disease; the second patient demonstrated persistent Doppler abnor malities due to traumatic right-sided ICA and VA occlusion. The third patie nt sustained a fatal vertebral and basilar artery thrombosis following cerv ical spine injury. In 57 patients without clinical signs suspicious of neck vessel trauma, sonography revealed abnormalities in 3 patients (11%) with severe head injury and in 6 patients (20%) with cervical spine or combined head and spine injury, in both groups mainly related to the vertebrobasilar system. Neck vessel injury is probably an underdiagnosed complication of s evere head or cervical spine trauma. Although interpretation of Doppler fin dings may be difficult, particularly in the vertebrobasilar system, Doppler investigations can be recommended as a screening method to exclude neck ve ssel injuries.