Nutrition and exercise in individuals with diabetes

Individuals with type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM]) and ty pe 2 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]) diabetes should be e ncouraged to exercise. Although there is an absence of consistent evidence that adaptations to routine exercise improve glucose control in type 1 diab etes, there is evidence that shows improved glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although both groups benefit from exercise, the merit and suitability of routine exercise is measured by the extent to which the advantageous adaptive effects of regular exercise surpass the risks of a s ole bout of exercise. In addition, when considering acute versus routine ex ercise, special considerations must be given to children with diabetes and older adults at risk for insulin resistance. Finally, a greater research fo cus is needed on engaging in competitive and recreational sports so that ch ildren and adults with diabetes may participate safely in activities such a s baseball, swimming, basketball, soccer, and hockey.