Photosynthetic responses in spring wheat grown under elevated CO2 concentrations and stress conditions in the European, multiple-site experiment 'ESPACE-wheat'

Spring wheat cv. Minaret crop stands were grown under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations at seven sites in Germany, Ireland, the UK, Belgium and the Netherlands. Six of the sites used open-top chambers and one used a con trolled environment mimicking field conditions. The effect of elevated CO2 for a range of N application regimes, O-3 concentrations, and growth temper atures on flag leaf photosynthesis was studied. Before anthesis, flag leaf photosynthesis was stimulated about 50% by 650 compared with 350 mu mol mol (-1) CO2 at all sites, regardless of other treatments. Furthermore, there w as no evidence of a decrease in photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves due to growth at elevated CO2 before anthesis, even for low N treatments. Howev er, photosynthetic capacity, particularly carboxylation capacity, of flag l eaves was usually decreased by growth at elevated CO2 after anthesis, espec ially in low N treatments. Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 th erefore appears to occur only slowly, consistent with a response to changes in sink-source relationships, rather than a direct response. Effect of ele vated CO2 on stomatal conductance was much more variable between sites and treatments, but on average was decreased by similar to 10% at 650 compared with 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2. Carboxylation capacity of flag leaves was decr eased by growth at elevated O-3 both before and after anthesis, regardless of CO2 concentration. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.