Characteristics of blood pressure measured at home in the morning and in the evening: The Ohasama study

Objective To determine the qualitative and quantitative differences of bloo d pressure measured at home (home measurement) in the morning versus the ev ening. Methods Of 3744 participants, aged 20 years or older in the Ohasama populat ion, more than 14 home measurements in the morning and in the evening, resp ectively, were obtained in each of 1207 individuals (881 untreated, 56.1 +/ - 11.4 years and 326 treated, 66.0 +/- 9.2 years). A casual/screening measu rement was also obtained in these individuals. Results The home measurements in the morning were significantly higher than those in the evening. The bivariate linear regression analysis demonstrate d that the difference between diastolic home measurement in the morning and that in the evening increased with an increase in diastolic home measureme nts. The multiple step-wise linear regression analysis, however, demonstrat ed that male sex, the use of antihypertensive medication, and SD of home me asurements in individuals (blood pressure variability), but not level of ho me measurements, were positively associated with the difference between hom e measurement in the morning and that in the evening. The SD of home measur ement in the evening in individuals was significantly larger than that in t he morning, and the SD in treated individuals was significantly larger than that in untreated individuals. The correlations between casual and home me asurements were moderate in untreated individuals (r = 0.509-0.567) but poo r in treated subjects (r = 0.223-0.384). The correlations between home syst olic measurements in the morning and in the evening were very close in both treated and untreated subjects (r = 0.814 - 0.902). The correlations betwe en the SD of home measurements in the morning and in the evening were moder ate in both treated and untreated individuals (r = 0.585-0.657). Conclusions Qualitative and quantitative differences in home blood pressure measurement, due to the differential time of measurement, should be taken into consideration in clinical use of home blood pressure measurements. I H ypertens 1999, 17:889-898 (C) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.