The development of a short form of the EMBU: Its appraisal with students in Greece, Guatemala, Hungary and Italy

Out of the necessity of having an abbreviated form of the EMBU, a measure o f perceived parental rearing behavior, a short form (s-EMBU) consisting of three scales (Rejection, Emotional Warmth and Protection) with respectively 7, 6 and 9 items (plus 1 unsealed item) was developed from the original 81 -item version. The factorial and/or construct validity and reliability of t his s-EMBU were examined among samples of 2442 students from Italy, Hungary , Guatemala and Greece. The data were presented for the four national group s separately. The 23-item s-EMBU is recommended as a reliable functional eq uivalent to the 81-item early EMBU, Attention was drawn to the need for fur ther research to explain some of the observed cross-national differences in the correlations between parental rearing styles and personality. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.