We have probed the effects of atomic-scale impurities on superconductivity
in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 by performing low-temperature tunneling spectroscopy measu
rements with a scanning tunneling microscope, Our results show that nonmagn
etic defect structures at the surface create localized low-energy excitatio
ns in their immediate vicinity. The impurity-induced excitations occur over
a range of energies, including the middle of the superconducting gap, at t
he Fermi level. Such a zero bias state is a predicted feature for strong no
nmagnetic scattering in a d-wave superconductor.