Spectral models of advection-dominated accretion flows with winds

We calculate spectral models of advection-dominated accretion flows, taking into account the possibility that significant mass may be lost to an outfl ow/wind We apply the models to the soft X-ray transient V404 Cyg in quiesce nce, the Galactic center source Sgr A*, and the nucleus of NGC 4649. We sho w that there are qualitative degeneracies between the mass-loss rate in the wind and parameters characterizing the microphysics of the accretion flow; of particular importance is delta, the fraction of the turbulent energy wh ich heats the electrons. For small delta, current observations suggest that at most 90% of the mass originating at large radii is lost to a wind, so t hat at least similar to 10% reaches the central object. For large delta sim ilar to 0.3, however, models with significantly more mass loss are in agree ment with the observations. We conclude by highlighting future observations which may clarify the importance of mass loss in sub-Eddington accretion f lows.