A model for bubble-to-jet transition at a submerged orifice

A new theoretical model of the transition between bubbling and jetting at a single submerged orifice has been developed. The model considers the force balance on a film of liquid adjacent to the gas core at the onset of jetti ng, and estimates the thickness of the film by drawing the analogy with sur face waves in gas-liquid annular flow. The model predictions correlated ver y well with experimental data from the present work and from published sour ces. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.